Gretchen Daily (1999), Jonathan Patz (2005), Diana Wall (1999), and colleagues from academe, corporations, philanthropies, and NGOs submitted a special report to President Obama urging government intervention on threats to the nation’s biodiversity and ecosystems. The report explains why government has an essential role in the stewardship of environmental capital to protect society and the economy. It also suggests specific measures to improve both the government’s and the private sector’s performance in preserving these crucial assets most cost-effectively.